Hematology
It is among the branches of science that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases that occur in blood cells.
He is also interested in diseases of organs that play an active role in blood formation. For this reason, diseases of the lymphatic organs and bone marrow are also included in the field of expertise of hematologists.
Hematology is a branch of science that deals with diseases of blood-forming organs such as bone marrow and spleen as well as with blood diseases.
On the basis of their diseases, we divide them into two groups as benign and malignant. Examples of benign diseases are anemia, bone marrow deficiencies, Mediterranean anemia (thalassemia), diseases such as multiple myeloma, and malignant diseases are leukemias or blood cancer.
Bone marrow transplantation has an extremely important place in the treatment of hematological diseases. Therefore, an experienced team and fully equipped units should be present in the hospital where the treatment is performed.
Diseases commonly encountered by our specialist physicians are anemia, thalassemia known as Mediterranean anemia, and leukemia. The symptoms, diagnosis and treatment methods of these diseases are as follows:
Anemia: Anemia, also known as anemia among the people, occurs due to a decrease in the number of hemoglobin molecules in red blood cells that enable oxygen to be transported. The main symptoms of anemia are fatigue, weakness, and pale skin. The treatment of anemia, which is frequently seen in malnourished infants, young women and adolescents, is done by eliminating the causative agent.
Thalassemia: Also known as Mediterranean anemia, thalassemia is caused by a congenital defect in the production of the oxygen-carrying hemoglobin molecule. There are two subtypes of alpha and beta thalassemia. Mediterranean anemia, which is a genetically transmitted disease, is frequently seen especially in the Mediterranean region. In beta thalassemia, if the globin gene inherited from the mother and father is normal, the child is born normal. If one of the genes is changed, the child becomes a carrier. However, if both genes are changed, the child is born with thalassemia. Mild anemia is seen in carrier patients. However, in severe cases, regular blood transfusions are required. The treatment of mediterranean anemia, which is characterized by symptoms such as rapid fatigue, pale skin color, sores on the legs and darkening of the skin, delayed growth, dark urine, and facial bone deformity, varies according to the type of disease.
Leukemia: Leukemia, also known as blood cancer or marrow cancer, occurs as a result of cancer of the cells in the bone marrow responsible for blood production. Roughly speaking, there are two different types of leukemia, acute and chronic. There are actually many types. In leukemia, cancerous cells cannot produce blood in a healthy way. Due to the invasive nature of cancer cells, these cells do not leave room for healthy blood-producing cells. Acute leukemia is a very serious condition that results in death on a weekly or monthly basis if left untreated. However, it can be treated with chemotherapy drugs or a stem cell transplant, known as a marrow transplant. Chronic leukemia patients, on the other hand, can live for decades without treatment in some cases. However, patients with chronic leukemia are much more difficult to recover with medication. Treatment methods, which are generally designed to increase the quality of life, are also effective in prolonging the life span of the person. Some types of chronic leukemia can be cured with a stem cell transplant.
